Cable ADSS: Aplicación de cable óptico ADSS totalmente dieléctrico autoportante en el sistema de comunicación de energía

2025-09-15


 Cable ADSS: Aplicación de cable óptico ADSS totalmente dieléctrico autoportante en el sistema de comunicación de energía第1张

         ADSS Todo el cable de fibra óptica autoportante dieléctrico El cable ADSS para abreviar se usa ampliamente en líneas de transmisión de nivel de voltaje de 220kV, 110kV y 35kV, y generalmente se usa en líneas existentes. 


Todo dieléctrico significa que el cable óptico está hecho de materiales totalmente dieléctricos, y autoportante significa que los propios componentes de refuerzo del cable óptico pueden soportar su propio peso y cargas externas. 


El nombre señala el entorno de uso de este cable óptico y sus tecnologías clave: debido a que es autoportante, su resistencia mecánica es de gran importancia; todos los materiales dieléctricos se utilizan porque el cable óptico se encuentra en un entorno de alta tensión y fuerte electricidad y debe ser capaz de soportar la influencia de la electricidad fuerte; debido a que se usa sobre la cabeza en una torre de poste eléctrico, debe tener colgadores que coincidan para fijar el cable óptico en la torre de poste.



Cable ADSS: Aplicación de cable óptico ADSS totalmente dieléctrico autoportante en el sistema de comunicación de energía第2张

Debido a que los cables ópticos ADSS se instalan junto a las líneas eléctricas de alta tensión, su superficie no solo debe ser resistente a los rayos UV como los cables ópticos convencionales, sino que también debe soportar las demandas a largo plazo de los entornos de alta tensión y alta tensión. 


El acoplamiento capacitivo entre el cable óptico y la línea de fase de alta tensión, así como entre el cable y la tierra, genera diferentes potenciales espaciales en la superficie del cable. 


En presencia de lluvia, nieve, escarcha y polvo, esta diferencia de potencial hace que las corrientes de fuga fluyan a través de la superficie húmeda y sucia del cable. 


El efecto térmico resultante hace que la humedad se evapore de ciertas áreas de la superficie del cable. Esta evaporación transitoria interrumpe la corriente de fuga, generando arcos y calor significativo. Este calor acumulado quema la superficie del cable, dejando rastros en forma de árbol conocidos como seguimiento eléctrico. 


Con el tiempo, la funda exterior se deteriora y las propiedades mecánicas del hilo de aramida se deterioran, lo que finalmente conduce a la rotura del cable. 


Este problema se aborda desde dos perspectivas primarias. En primer lugar, se utiliza un material especial de funda anti-seguimiento para extruir la funda exterior fuera del hilo de aramida, es decir, la funda anti-seguimiento AT se utiliza para reducir la corrosión de seguimiento eléctrico de la superficie del cable óptico causada por la fuerte electricidad;


 Además, la distribución del potencial espacial en la torre de energía se calcula a través de un software profesional y se dibuja el mapa de distribución de la intensidad del campo eléctrico. 


En base a esta base científica, se determina el punto de suspensión específico del cable óptico en la torre para evitar que el cable óptico se vea afectado por un campo eléctrico más fuerte. 


Los cables ópticos ADSS utilizan diferentes fundas para diferentes rutas eléctricas. Las dos fundas ADSS más comunes son la funda de PE y la funda AT. La funda de PE, una funda de polietileno ordinaria, se utiliza para líneas eléctricas de 350KV y menos. La funda AT, una funda anti-seguimiento, se utiliza para líneas eléctricas de 110KV y superiores.


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